Canada Gazette, Part I, Volume 160, Number 41: Radiocommunication Act Exemption Order (Jammers — Certain Law Enforcement Agencies)

October 10, 2026

Statutory authority
Radiocommunication Act

Sponsoring department
Department of Industry

REGULATORY IMPACT ANALYSIS STATEMENT

(This statement is not part of the Order.)

Issues

Certain law enforcement agencies have experience with specialized equipment and operational capacity that could be applied to use radiocommunication jammers to meet their lawful mandates related to public safety and to ensure the safety of their employees and the general public. The Radiocommunication Act (the RA) prohibits the use of jammers and other jammer-related activities in Canada, but provides the Minister of Industry (the Minister) with the authority to exempt persons or entities from these prohibitions.

Background

Jammers are devices that transmit, emit or radiate electromagnetic energy and are designed to cause or are capable of causing interference or obstruction to radiocommunication, other than devices for which technical standards have been established under paragraph 5(1)(d) or 6(1)(a) of the RA or for which an authorization has been issued. Subsection 4(4) of the RA prohibits the installation, use, possession, manufacture, importation, distribution, lease, offer for sale, or sale of jammers, and paragraph 9(1)(b) prohibits the interference with or obstruction of any radiocommunication without lawful excuse. However, recognizing that legitimate uses for jammers may exist in specific circumstances, the Minister has the authority under subsection 14(1) of the RA to issue orders exempting any person, class of persons, or entity from the application of jammer-related prohibitions under subsection 4(4) and paragraph 9(1)(b) of the RA for certain limited purposes.

Three such exemption orders have been issued. Most recently, an exemption order was issued to the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) and the Sous-ministériat des services correctionnels (SMSC) of Quebec in 2025, which represents a pilot project in that it grants the first exemptions from the jammer-related prohibitions for the continuous or sporadic use of jammers within certain correctional institutions. The Minister also issued an exemption order to the Department of National Defence (DND) and the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) in 2024 and has issued exemption orders to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) since 2015, including the current one that was issued in 2024. These organizations are able to use jammers lawfully under the RA in accordance with the purposes and the conditions of their respective orders.

The 2025 Speech from the Throne has brought renewed focus to building a safer and more secure Canada, particularly with respect to enhancing security at Canada’s borders and protecting Canadians and their sovereign rights. Protecting Canadian sovereignty and keeping Canadians safe by strengthening the Canadian Armed Forces, securing Canada’s borders, and reinforcing law enforcement is one of the seven priorities of the Government of Canada. The RCMP is the only law enforcement agency that has been issued an exemption order from the jammer-related prohibitions in the RA. Therefore, other law enforcement agencies rely on the RCMP when the use of jammers is required in the pursuit of their lawful mandates. The RCMP has communicated to Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED) that, due to operational constraints, it has become challenging to sustain this level of support. While the Government of Canada is increasing federal policing capacity across Canada to combat crime through Budget 2025, these efforts aim to strengthen the RCMP’s response to a wide range of threats related to transnational organized crime, financial crimes and money laundering, while enhancing its intelligence and national security capacity. Allowing certain other law enforcement agencies to use jammers will decrease their dependency on the RCMP and empower them to fulfill their operational requirements related to jamming in a more independent and timely manner than would otherwise be possible. Similar to the RCMP, law enforcement agencies with specialized units, such as an explosive disposal unit, are typically required to handle restricted equipment and have operational requirements that are subject to obligations with respect to the training and experience of their employees. Therefore, these organizations would be equipped to use and handle restricted equipment in a controlled manner.

Objective

The objective of the Radiocommunication Act Exemption Order (Jammers — Certain Law Enforcement Agencies) [the Order] is to exempt employees of certain law enforcement agencies who would be required to carry out jammer-related activities as part of their duties or training from the jammer-related prohibitions in the RA, subject to conditions. This exemption would also extend to persons and entities participating in the procurement of jammers on behalf of these agencies as well as to suppliers of jammers and jammer-related services to these agencies.

Description

In accordance with subsection 14(1) of the RA, the Order would exempt the employees of certain law enforcement agencies listed in a schedule who are required to carry out specific jammer-related activities in the course of their duties or training, from the application of prohibitions in relation to jammers set out in subsection 4(4) and paragraph 9(1)(b) of the RA. The law enforcement agencies listed in the schedule are proposed for inclusion in the Order due to their operational capacity, experience working with specialized equipment, and, in certain cases, ability to assist other law enforcement agencies in the course of duties. This exemption is intended to initially exempt law enforcement agencies that have an explosive disposal unit or support the institutions exempted under the exemption order for certain correctional services. The exemption would also extend to employees of provincial governments and municipal institutions participating in the procurement of jammers on behalf of these exempted law enforcement agencies.

In addition, the exemption would extend to suppliers of jammers and of services related to jammers in three situations. Firstly, respondents to a solicitation of bids for the provision of jammers to an exempted law enforcement agency would be exempt from the prohibition against the offering for sale of a jammer. Secondly, the exemption would apply to respondents to a letter of interest, a request for information or a solicitation of bids who are required to undertake certain jammer-related activities to assist with the evaluation of the jammer or jammer-related services against the technical criteria of the request. For instance, a person performing a demonstration of the jammer for the requesting entity would be exempted so long as the demonstration is performed in accordance with the terms and conditions of the request. This aspect of the Order would allow greater flexibility with respect to the evaluation of jammers and services related to jammers than is possible under other exemption orders that are currently in effect. Lastly, the exemption would also extend to suppliers and subcontracted suppliers who provide jammers or services related to jammers to the exempted law enforcement agencies under and in accordance with a contract.

The Order would not broadly exempt suppliers from the prohibition against manufacturing jammers in Canada. Only those responding to a letter of interest, request for information or solicitation of bids by or on behalf of an exempted law enforcement agency, or having entered into a contract with or on behalf of an exempted law enforcement agency, would be exempted from the manufacturing prohibition. ISED continues to investigate associated considerations and will work with stakeholders to develop a framework for jammer-related activities, such as manufacturing, outside of these situations.

The Order would only allow jammer-related activities to be carried out for certain purposes identified in subsection 14(1) of the RA, specifically national security; public safety, including with respect to penitentiaries and prisons; international relations; the investigation or prosecution of offences in Canada, including the preservation of evidence; and the protection of property or the prevention of serious harm to any person. For example, the Order could support law enforcement agencies in the protection of critical infrastructure, major public events, and crime scenes. In addition, it may enable the exempted law enforcement agencies to assist the RCMP in maintaining the security and integrity of the Canadian border, including in the context of border-adjacent operations involving organized crime.

To ensure that unintended interference with the radiofrequency spectrum is minimized and that ISED retains the ability to effectively manage the spectrum for the benefit of all Canadians, the Order provides that the exempted persons must meet certain conditions to benefit from the exemption that it provides. These conditions include a requirement that every reasonable effort be made to restrict the jammer’s interference with or obstruction of radiocommunication in specific ways. There are also conditions that require the minimization of emissions and exposure from jammer use and the secure storage of jammers.

The Order also includes a condition that requires that employees of exempted law enforcement agencies have received or be in the process of receiving specialized training with respect to the jammer-related activities that they undertake. Further, these employees are to receive specialized training developed or validated by the RCMP as soon as feasible, if such training has been developed or validated.

In addition, the law enforcement agencies are required to provide ISED with the contact information of the individuals responsible for its jammers, both with respect to the law enforcement agency itself and with respect to suppliers or prospective suppliers of jammers and services related to jammers. Having this information will allow ISED inspectors and staff to know whom to contact in the context of (a) radio interference investigations; and (b) verifications of compliance with the conditions set out in the Order.

This Order builds on more than a decade of experience gained through RCMP exemptions. There is no specific expiry associated with this Order, noting that the Minister has the authority and discretion to repeal or amend the Order at any time under subsection 14(1) of the RA. Not having an expiry ensures that the law enforcement agencies continue to benefit from an exemption to carry out their duties and provides flexibility with respect to the timing of future updates or discontinuation of the Order, as needed, based on requirements by ISED or the law enforcement agencies.

Regulatory development

Consultation

Public consultations on the general use of radiocommunication jamming devices were held in 2001. The consultation elicited over 200 submissions from individual Canadians and some 30 submissions by Canadian companies and industry associations. The comments received demonstrated clear public support for restricting the use of jammers in Canada. At that time, the Department of Industry indicated it would support public safety needs with respect to the use of jammers. The results of those consultations supported the amendments to the RA in 2014, which provided clear prohibitions with respect to jammers in Canada and the current framework for limited, regulated exemptions from the application of these prohibitions.

The need to effectively regulate technologies that may adversely affect the use of spectrum, such as jammers, was also highlighted in a recommendation developed following an expansive Broadcasting and Telecommunications Legislative Review held between 2018 and 2020. The recommendation noted that the Minister of Industry should have the authority to set conditions of use, to limit the use of, or prohibit some technologies if their use unduly impacted the use of spectrum. The recommendation also included that the definitions and prohibitions in the RA should be reviewed to ensure that all types of apparatus, systems, or any other thing that affect safe, secure, reliable, and interference-free radiocommunication in Canada are included in the RA’s scope.

Law enforcement agencies were engaged during the development of the Order throughout fall 2025 and winter 2026 to ensure that it would enable them to fulfill their lawful duties and that it includes the appropriate safeguards to minimize unwanted interference, recognizing the importance that Canadians attribute to having interference-free wireless communications. As part of its engagement, ISED presented a proposed approach to a jammer exemption for law enforcement agencies to members of the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police’s Counter-Terrorism and National Security Committee. The proposed approach included exempting specific law enforcement agencies that have specialized units and that may support other police services by providing specialized services based on capacity. It also included exempting suppliers of jammers and jammer-related services to these law enforcement agencies as well as provincial and municipal employees who are required to engage in the procurement process on their behalf. Lastly, the proposed approach required that key information be provided to the Minister before the exemption is invoked and that it be subject to conditions to ensure that unintended interference with the radiofrequency spectrum is minimized and that ISED retains the ability to effectively manage the spectrum for the benefit of all Canadians. ISED distributed a questionnaire to members of this committee asking for feedback on key considerations and subsequently further distributed the questionnaire to other law enforcement agencies in Canada that have explosive disposal units.

ISED received completed questionnaires from 26 law enforcement agencies across Canada in response to this engagement. In their responses, law enforcement agencies generally agreed that ISED’s proposed approach would meet their needs and confirmed that their organizations either had the technical expertise available, or the ability to acquire the technical expertise necessary, to identify and mitigate the potential adverse effects that these devices might have when deployed for use. Key considerations raised by law enforcement agencies included the importance of potential suppliers being able to provide demonstrations of jamming equipment before a contract is put in place, the importance of large municipal police services with specialized units being able to benefit from the exemption despite not regularly providing services to smaller police services, and the importance of effective training and governance to mitigate the potential for unintended interference to radiocommunication. These considerations were incorporated into the scope and conditions of the Order.

ISED also engaged other key stakeholders with respect to the Order during this period. ISED engaged Transport Canada in the development of its proposed approach, outlined it in an update for the Radio Advisory Board of Canada and also presented it to NAV CANADA. This engagement helped ensure awareness of ISED’s proposed approach and allowed stakeholders to raise considerations to ISED’s attention.

Indigenous engagement, consultation and modern treaty obligations

An initial assessment was conducted that examined the geographical scope and subject matter of the initiative in relation to modern treaties in effect and did not identify any potential modern treaty impacts. The initiative will take effect in modern treaty areas, as the RA applies to the entire Canadian landmass in general, but this Order, which relates to radiocommunication, does not pertain to the key rights areas and does not otherwise change the application of the RA anywhere in Canada. As a result, a detailed assessment was not required.

Instrument choice

A ministerial order under subsection 14(1) of the RA is the mechanism used to exempt persons and entities from the application of the jammer-related prohibitions under subsection 4(4) and paragraph 9(1)(b) of the RA. Therefore, it is the most appropriate instrument to achieve the objective of exempting the employees of certain law enforcement agencies, employees engaged in the procurement of jammers and jammer-related services, as well as suppliers and subcontracted suppliers of goods and services related to jammers for these agencies in certain situations.

An order by the Governor in Council (GIC) under subsection 3(2) of the RA is another instrument that could be used to exempt certain law enforcement agencies from the jammer-related provisions in the RA. This type of GIC order was used for similar purposes prior to 2014, at which time Parliament established an exemption framework explicitly for jammers, prescribing the purposes for which an exemption could be granted, and empowered the Minister to administer the framework.

Regulatory analysis

Benefits and costs

This Order facilitates the ability of certain law enforcement agencies to carry out their lawful mandates, with the added ability of using jammers in doing so while complying with Canadian laws and regulations. All Canadians are expected to benefit from this exemption’s contribution to the ability of law enforcement agencies to carry out their lawful mandates.

Suppliers that provide goods and services related to jammers to the exempted law enforcement agencies would be positively affected by the Order. There is a lack of readily available information related to the potential costs and benefits that could be experienced by these businesses. Quantitative estimates on the magnitude of these costs and benefits and the number or type of businesses that could be impacted are unavailable at this time. This lack of information is in part because businesses are prohibited from undertaking jammer-related activities, like possessing, manufacturing, importing, distributing, leasing and selling jammers, unless they are subject to an exemption order. The extent of the costs or benefits would depend on the goods or services that would be provided by the suppliers, which could vary depending on the contract that they are entering into. The number of businesses impacted could also vary depending on the needs of the exempted law enforcement agencies.

Suppliers may experience costs to comply with the conditions of the Order. ISED expects that costs experienced by suppliers would be minor compared to the financial benefits they may derive from an ability to provide specific jammer-related goods and services that they would otherwise not be able to engage in.

Small business lens

Analysis under the small business lens concluded that the Order has the potential for low-cost impacts to small businesses. Small businesses in Canada may be impacted should they provide goods or services related to jammers to law enforcement agencies pursuant to the Order. Associated costs would be a result of compliance with certain conditions, such as the requirement to store jammers securely. Estimates of the number of small businesses in Canada that may be impacted are unavailable at this time because businesses are prohibited from undertaking jammer-related activities unless they are subject to an exemption order. Impacts may depend on the needs of law enforcement agencies with respect to jammer-related goods and services and the extent to which they participate in related solicitations. The needs of small businesses have been accounted for in the design of the Order by crafting straightforward conditions and avoiding the imposition of complex record-keeping or reporting requirements.

One-for-one rule

The “one-for-one” rule does not apply to this proposal, as there is no change in administrative costs to businesses.

Regulatory cooperation and alignment

Canada is not party to any international agreement whose obligations would need to be satisfied as part of implementing the Order. The Order is not related to a work plan or commitment under a formal regulatory cooperation forum.

Effects on the environment

In accordance with the Cabinet Directive on Strategic Environmental and Economic Assessment, this proposal, which is regulatory in nature, has been exempted from the requirement to complete a strategic environmental and economic assessment, as it has been determined to have a low likelihood of important environmental or economic effects due to its subject matter being related to radiocommunication and its scope being related to jammer-related activities being carried out by employees of certain law enforcement agencies, as well as persons or entities supporting their processes and activities in certain circumstances. There are no construction projects or production planned as part of this Order, which would result in meaningful greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or other environmental impacts.

Gender-based analysis plus

This proposal is expected to benefit all Canadians, regardless of demographic makeup, by facilitating the ability of certain law enforcement agencies to carry out their lawful mandates while continuing to comply with the RA. No direct barriers to access and participation in the benefits of this Order, or negative impacts, are expected. This initiative is not expected to demonstrably advance one of Canada’s gender equality goals.

No equity, diversity, and inclusion collection plan has been developed for this exemption order. Law enforcement agencies in the scope of the exemption may track, monitor, and evaluate the demographics of employees and/or stakeholders in accordance with their own mandates and objectives. Information is unavailable with respect to suppliers or subcontracted suppliers that may provide jammer-related goods and services to the identified law enforcement agencies pursuant to this exemption, because they could be domestic or international businesses and have differing circumstances.

Implementation, compliance and enforcement, and service standards

Apart from the classes of persons and entities identified in the Order that would be exempted from the application of subsection 4(4) and paragraph 9(1)(b) of the RA, as per its purposes and conditions, jammer-related activities will remain a contravention of the RA and subject to the applicable enforcement provisions provided for in the RA. Compliance activities related to the Order will be incorporated into ISED’s existing compliance and enforcement strategies. Further information on the prohibition on jammers in Canada can be found on the Jammers are Prohibited in Canada: That’s the Law web page, while information on compliance and enforcement can be found on ISED’s website.

There are no service standards with respect to exemption orders related to jammers under the RA.

The Order would come into force upon registration.

Contact

Senior Director
Spectrum Management Operations Directorate
Spectrum Management Operations Branch
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
235 Queen Street, 6th Floor
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0H5
Telephone: 613‑220‑0976
Email: spectrumregulatory-reglementationduspectre@ised-isde.gc.ca

PROPOSED REGULATORY TEXT

Notice is given that the Minister of Industry proposes to make the annexed Radiocommunication Act Exemption Order (Jammers — Certain Law Enforcement Agencies) under subsection 14(1)footnote a of the Radiocommunication Act footnote b.

Interested persons may make representations concerning the proposed Order within 30 days after the date of publication of this notice. They are strongly encouraged to use the online commenting feature that is available on the Canada Gazette website. However, if they use email, mail or any other means, the representations should cite the Canada Gazette, Part I, and the date of publication of this notice, and be sent to the Senior Director, Spectrum Management Operations Directorate, Spectrum Management Operations Branch, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, 235 Queen Street, 6th Floor, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H5 (tel.: 613‑220‑0976, email: spectrumregulatory-reglementationduspectre@ised-isde.gc.ca).

Please note that as part of the pre-publication process, all representations, including attachments, will be published on the Canada Gazette website, subject to its terms of use relating to the provision of comments.

Ottawa, September 18, 2026

MĂ©lanie Joly
Minister of Industry

Radiocommunication Act Exemption Order (Jammers — Certain Law Enforcement Agencies)

Definition

Definition of Act

1 In this Order, Act means the Radiocommunication Act.

Exemptions

Employees — law enforcement agencies

2 (1) Subject to any applicable conditions set out in sections 3 to 13, employees of the law enforcement agencies listed in column 1 of the schedule who are required to install, use, possess, manufacture, import or distribute jammers in the course of their duties or training are exempt from the application of subsection 4(4) and paragraph 9(1)(b) of the Act in respect of those activities.

Employees — provincial and municipal governments

(2) Subject to any applicable conditions set out in sections 3 to 13, employees of provincial and municipal governments who, in the course of their duties, are required to possess, import or distribute jammers on behalf of a law enforcement agency listed in column 1 of the schedule are exempt from the application of subsection 4(4) of the Act in respect of those activities.

Response to letter of interest or request for information

(3) Subject to any applicable conditions set out in sections 3 to 13, a person or entity is exempt from the application of subsection 4(4) and paragraph 9(1)(b) of the Act in respect of the installation, use, possession, manufacturing, importation or distribution of jammers if the activity is

Response to solicitation of bids — offering for sale

(4) A person or entity is exempt from the application of subsection 4(4) of the Act in respect of the offering for sale of jammers if the offer is made in response to a solicitation of bids in relation to the provision of jammers to a law enforcement agency listed in column 1 of the schedule.

Response to solicitation of bids — other activities

(5) Subject to any applicable conditions set out in sections 3 to 13, a person or entity is exempt from the application of subsection 4(4) and paragraph 9(1)(b) of the Act in respect of the installation, use, possession, manufacturing, importation or distribution of jammers if the activity is

Suppliers

(6) Subject to any applicable conditions set out in sections 3 to 13, a person or entity referred to in any of paragraphs (a) to (d) that is required to install, use, possess, manufacture, import, distribute, lease, offer for sale or sell jammers under a contract referred to in that paragraph is exempt from the application of subsection 4(4) and paragraph 9(1)(b) of the Act in respect of that activity and for the purposes of that contract:

Purposes

(7) The exemptions under subsections (1) to (6) are granted only for the following purposes:

Conditions

Notice to Minister

3 (1) Before an exemption is invoked under any of subsections 2(1) to (3), (5) and (6) the law enforcement agency that is listed in column 1 of the schedule and to which the exemption relates must provide a written notice to the Minister that contains the following information:

Update and confirm — information

(2) The agency must

Notice — usage for evaluation

4 (1) A law enforcement agency listed in column 1 of the schedule must provide a written notice to the Minister each time that it intends, for the purpose of evaluating jammers, to require their use by any person or entity referred to in subsection 2(3) or (5). The notice must be provided at least 14 days before the intended start date of the evaluation period or, if circumstances do not permit that, as soon as feasible, and must contain the following information:

Maximum duration of evaluation period

(2) The evaluation period must not exceed 30 days.

New notice — updated information

(3) If any of the information provided under paragraph (1)(a) or (b) changes, the agency must provide a new written notice to the Minister at least seven days before the intended start date of the evaluation period or, if circumstances do not permit that, as soon as feasible.

Training

5 An employee who carries out an activity under the exemption set out in subsection 2(1) must

Access to directives

6 A law enforcement agency listed in column 1 of the schedule must develop directives in respect of jammers and ensure that they are accessible to the employees referred to in subsection 2(1).

Restriction of interference or obstruction

7 An employee referred to in subsection 2(1), or a person or entity referred to in subsection 2(3), (5) or (6), that installs or uses a jammer must make every reasonable effort to restrict the jammer’s interference with or obstruction of radiocommunication to the smallest physical area, fewest number of radio frequencies, appropriate power level and minimum duration required to accomplish the intended purposes.

Restriction on use — suppliers and potential suppliers

8 (1) A person or entity referred to in subsection 2(3), (5) or (6) must not use a jammer unless

Restriction on use — schedule

(2) A person or entity referred to in subsection 2(3) or (5) may use a jammer only between 8:00 and 17:00, local time, from Monday to Friday, except on holidays.

Minimal emissions and exposure

9 An employee referred to in subsection 2(1), or a person or entity referred to in subsection 2(3), (5) or (6), that installs or uses a jammer must do so in a manner that minimizes unwanted emissions and the exposure of any person to radio frequency fields.

Jammer analysis — parameters

10 (1) Before a jammer is used by a person or entity referred to in subsection 2(3) or (5) and before each change to its parameters, the law enforcement agency listed in column 1 of the schedule must conduct an analysis of

Jammer analysis — records

(2) The agency must maintain a record of each analysis that includes the following information:

Records — retention period

(3) The agency must retain the record for five years after the day on which the analysis was completed.

Jammer characteristics

11 (1) An employee referred to in subsection 2(1) or a person or entity referred to in subsection 2(3), (5) or (6) must ensure that any jammer for which the employee or the person or entity is responsible allows for adjustments to its power levels and the radio frequencies that it can interfere with or obstruct.

Records — jammer technical specifications

(2) A law enforcement agency listed in column 1 of the schedule must maintain a record of the technical specifications of each jammer that is used by an employee referred to in subsection 2(1) or by a person or entity referred to in subsection 2(3), (5) or (6) under the supervision of such an employee.

Records — retention period

(3) The agency must retain the record

Prevention of non-authorized access and storage

12 An employee referred to in subsection 2(1) or (2) or a person or entity referred to in subsection 2(3), (5) or (6) must take reasonable measures to ensure that any jammer for which the employee or the person or entity is responsible is

Records relating to use

13 (1) A law enforcement agency listed in column 1 of the schedule must maintain a record of each use of a jammer by an employee referred to in subsection 2(1) or by a person or entity referred to in subsection 2(3), (5) or (6) that includes the following information:

Records — retention period

(2) The agency must retain the record for five years after the day on which the jammer was used.

Coming into Force

Registration

14 This Order comes into force on the day on which it is registered.

SCHEDULE

(Subsections 2(1) and (2), paragraph 2(3)(a), subsection 2(4), paragraphs 2(5)(a) and 2(6)(a), (b) and (c), subsections 3(1) and 4(1), section 6, and subsections 10(1), 11(2) and 13(1))

Law Enforcement Agencies
Item

Column 1

Law Enforcement Agency table 1 note 1
1 Barrie Police Service
2 Calgary Police Service
3 Durham Regional Police Service
4 Edmonton Police Service
5 Greater Sudbury Police Service
6 Halton Regional Police Service
7 Hamilton Police Service
8 Kingston Police
9 Lethbridge Police Service
10 Medicine Hat Police Service
11 Niagara Regional Police Service
12 Ontario Provincial Police (Police provinciale de l’Ontario)
13 Ottawa Police Service (Service de police d’Ottawa)
14 Peel Regional Police
15 Regina Police Service
16 Royal Newfoundland Constabulary
17 Saskatoon Police Service
18 Sault Ste. Marie Police Service
19 Service de police de la Ville de Montréal
20 Sûreté du Québec
21 Toronto Police Service
22 Thunder Bay Police Service
23 Vancouver Police Department
24 Victoria Police Department
25 Windsor Police Service
26 Winnipeg Police Service
27 York Regional Police

Table 1 note(s)

Table 1 note 1

Note: The names of the law enforcement agencies in this schedule are written in the language of their official names.

Return to table 1 note 1 referrer

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