Canada Gazette, Part I, Volume 159, Number 27:
July 5, 2025
STATISTICS CANADA
STATISTICS ACT
2026 Census of Agriculture
P.C. 2025-511 June 13, 2025
Her Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Industry, under section 20 and subsection 21(1) of the Statistics Act footnote a, prescribes the questions to be asked in the 2026 Census of Agriculture, as set out in the schedule.
Page 1 - Text version
This image is of page 1 of the Schedule, which contains the substantive content of the 2026 Census of Agriculture. The page contains questions 1 and 2, as well as part of question 3. These questions are part of the “Business or organization and contact information” section.
Question 1 asks for the business or organization’s legal and operating names. Question 2 asks for information on the business or organization’s designated contact person and includes a description of whom the designated contact person should be. Question 3 asks about the business or organization’s current operational status.
Page 2 - Text version
This image is of page 2 of the Schedule. It contains the continuation of question 3, which is part of the “Business or organization and contact information” section. Question 3 asks about the business or organization’s current operational status.
Page 3 - Text version
This image is of page 3 of the Schedule. It contains the continuation and end of question 3, which is part of the “Business or organization and contact information” section. The page also includes question 4, which is part of the “Agricultural activity” section. In addition, page 3 features question 1 and part of question 2 of the “Canada Revenue Agency Business Numbers” section.
Question 3 asks about the business or organization’s current operational status. Question 4 asks whether the business or organization produces agricultural products. Question 1 asks for the business or operation’s Business Number, as issued by the Canada Revenue Agency. Question 2 asks whether the business or organization operates or owns other agricultural or non-agricultural businesses and, if applicable, asks for their legal name(s) and Business Number(s).
Page 4 - Text version
This image is of page 4 of the Schedule. It includes the continuation and end of question 2, which is part of the “Canada Revenue Agency Business Numbers” section. It also includes part of question 3, which is part of the “Agricultural operators” section.
Question 2 asks whether the business or organization operates or owns other agricultural or non-agricultural businesses and, if applicable, asks for their legal name(s) and Business Number(s). Question 3 asks for information on the operation’s farm operator or operators.
Page 5 - Text version
This image is of page 5 of the Schedule. It includes the continuation and end of question 3, as well as question 4 and part of question 5. All questions on the page are part of the “Agricultural operators” section.
Question 3 asks for information on the operation’s farm operator or operators. Question 4 asks for information on any other farm operators not identified in the response to question 3, if applicable. Question 5 asks about each operator’s average weekly time contribution to the agricultural operation.
Page 6 - Text version
This image is of page 6 of the Schedule. It contains the continuation and end of question 5, as well as question 6. Both questions are part of the “Agricultural operators” section.
Question 5 asks about each operator’s average weekly time contribution to the agricultural operation. Question 6 asks about each operator’s average weekly time spent doing paid work at another job or operating another business.
Page 7 - Text version
This image is of page 7 of the Schedule. It contains questions 7 and 8. Question 7 is part of the “Main farm location of this operation” section, and question 8 is part of the “Unit of measure” section.
Question 7 asks for the civic address or land description of the main farm location. Question 8 asks respondents to identify the unit of measure that they will use to report land areas.
Page 8 - Text version
This image is of page 8 of the Schedule. It contains question 9 and part of question 10. Question 9 is part of the “Area of land” section. Question 10 is part of the “Agricultural production” section.
Question 9 asks about the operation’s total area of workable and non-workable land, by land tenure (owned, leased, rented, crop-shared or used). Question 10 asks whether mushrooms are grown for sale on the operation, and, if applicable, which types of mushrooms are grown for sale.
Page 9 - Text version
This image is of page 9 of the Schedule. It contains the continuation and end of question 10, as well as questions 11 to 14. All questions on this page are part of the “Agricultural production” section.
Question 10 asks whether mushrooms are grown for sale on the operation, and, if applicable, which types of mushrooms are grown for sale. Questions 11 asks whether there are any maple trees tapped on the operation. Question 12 asks whether the operation grows sod, nursery products or Christmas trees for sale. Question 13 asks whether the operation grows agricultural products in a greenhouse for sale. Question 14 asks whether the operation grows fruits, berries or nuts for sale.
Page 10 - Text version
This image is of page 10 of the Schedule. It contains questions 15 and 16. Both questions are part of the “Agricultural production” section.
Question 15 asks whether the operation grows any field vegetables for sale. Question 16 asks whether the operation grows any hay or field crops.
Page 11 - Text version
This image is of page 11 of the Schedule. It contains questions 17 to 20 and part of question 21. All questions on this page are part of the “Agricultural production” section.
Questions 17 asks whether the operation owns any honeybees or other pollinating bees. Question 18 asks whether there is any poultry on the operation. Questions 19 asks whether the operation raises any chickens or turkeys to produce meat or to sell the animals. Question 20 asks whether the operation produces any eggs for sale. Question 21 asks whether there is a commercial poultry hatchery located on the operation.
Page 12 - Text version
This image is of page 12 of the Schedule. It contains the continuation and end of question 21, as well as questions 22 and 23. All questions on this page are part of the “Agricultural production” section.
Question 21 asks whether there is a commercial poultry hatchery located on the operation. Question 22 asks whether there is any livestock on the operation. Question 23 asks whether the operation produces any organic products for sale. Question 23 also asks for the certification status of the organic products and the name of the certifying body, if applicable.
Page 13 - Text version
This image is of page 13 of the Schedule. It contains part of question 24, which is part of the “Hay and field crops (if applicable)” section.
Question 24 asks about the operation’s area of hay and/or field crops, by type of hay and field crop.
Page 14 - Text version
This image is of page 14 of the Schedule. It contains the continuation and end of question 24 and part of question 25. Question 24 is part of the “Hay and field crops (if applicable)” section. Question 25 is part of the “Field vegetables (if applicable)” section.
Question 24 asks about the area of hay and/or field crops, by type of hay and field crop. Question 25 asks about the operation’s area of field vegetables grown for sale, by field vegetable.
Page 15 - Text version
This image is of page 15 of the Schedule. It contains the continuation and end of question 25 and part of question 26. Question 25 is part of the “Field vegetables (if applicable)” section. Question 26 is part of the “Fruits, berries and nuts (if applicable)” section.
Question 25 asks about the operation’s area of field vegetables grown for sale, by field vegetable. Question 26 asks about the operation’s area of fruits, berries and nuts grown for sale, by fruit, berry or nut.
Page 16 - Text version
This image is of page 16 of the Schedule. It contains the continuation and end of question 26 and part of question 27. Question 26 is part of the “Fruits, berries and nuts (if applicable)” section. Question 27 is part of the “Sod, nursery products and Christmas trees (if applicable)” section.
Question 26 asks about the operation’s area of fruits, berries and nuts grown for sale, by fruit, berry or nut. Question 27 asks about the operation’s areas of sod, nursery products and Christmas trees grown for sale, by product.
Page 17- Text version
This image is of page 17 of the Schedule. It contains the continuation and end of question 27, as well as question 28. Question 27 is part of the “Sod, nursery products and Christmas trees (if applicable)” section. Question 28 is part of the “Land use” section.
Question 27 asks about the operation’s areas of sod, nursery products and Christmas trees grown for sale, by product. Question 28 asks about the operation’s land use of the workable and non-workable land area reported in question 9, by land use.
The title of the next section, which is “Summerfallow (if applicable),” appears at the bottom of page 17.
Page 18 - Text version
This image is of page 18 of the Schedule. It contains questions 29 and 30, as well as part of question 31. Question 29 is part of the “Summerfallow (if applicable)” section. Question 30 is part of the “Tillage and seeding practices (if applicable)” section, while question 31 is part of the “Land practices and features” section.
Question 29 asks about the operation’s use of weed control on summerfallow, by size of land area for each type of weed control used. Question 30 asks about the tillage and seeding practices used by the operation on land that has been, or will be, seeded, by land area for each practice used. Question 31 asks about the operation’s land practices, as well as the land area for each practice used.
Page 19 - Text version
This image is of page 19 of the Schedule. It contains the continuation and end of question 31, as well as questions 32 and 33, and part of question 34. Questions 31 and 32 are part of the “Land practices and features” section, question 33 is part of the “Crop residue” section, and question 34 is part of the “Inputs or manure” section.
Question 31 asks about the operation’s land practices, as well as the land area for each practice used. Question 32 asks whether the operation has any shelterbelts or windbreaks (natural or planted). Question 33 asks about the operation’s area from which crop residue (straw, stover, stalks) is baled for bedding or sale. Question 34 asks whether the operation uses any treated seeds, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, commercial fertilizers, lime, trace minerals and nutrients or manure.
Page 20 - Text version
This image is of page 20 of the Schedule. It contains the end of question 34, as well as questions 35 and 36. Questions 34 and 35 are part of the “Inputs or manure” section. Question 36 is part of the “Irrigation” section.
Question 34 asks whether the operation uses any treated seeds, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, commercial fertilizers, lime, trace minerals and nutrients or manure. Question 35 asks about the operation’s land area by input or manure used. Question 36 asks about the area of land irrigated on the operation, if applicable.
Page 21 - Text version
This image is of page 21 of the Schedule. It contains questions 37 to 39, as well as part of question 40. All questions on this page are part of the “Mushrooms (if applicable)” section.
Question 37 asks about the operation’s total growing area for Agaricus mushrooms. Question 38 asks about the types of production systems used by the operation to produce specialty mushrooms. Question 39 asks for the number and dimensions of the bags and the natural wood logs used by the operation to produce specialty mushrooms. Question 40 asks about the operation’s total growing area for other production systems used to produce specialty mushrooms.
Page 22 - Text version
This image is of page 22 of the Schedule. It contains the end of question 40, as well as question 41 and part of question 42. Question 40 is part of the “Mushrooms (if applicable)” section. Questions 41 and 42 are part of the “Greenhouses (if applicable)” section.
Question 40 asks about the operation’s total growing area for other production systems used to produce specialty mushrooms. Question 41 asks about the operation’s total greenhouse area in which agricultural products are grown for sale. Question 42 asks about the operation’s greenhouse area used to grow various agricultural products, such as vegetables, fruits, herbs and flowers.
Page 23 - Text version
This image is of page 23 of the Schedule. It contains the continuation and end of question 42, as well as questions 43 to 45. Question 42 is part of the “Greenhouses (if applicable)” section. Question 43 is part of the “Maple tree taps (if applicable)” section. Questions 44 and 45 are part of the “Bees (if applicable)” section.
Question 42 asks about the operation’s greenhouse area used to grow various agricultural products, such as vegetables, fruits, herbs and flowers. Question 43 asks for the operation’s total number of taps made on maple trees. Question 44 asks for the number of live honeybee (used for honey production or pollination) colonies owned by the operation, while question 45 asks for the number of other pollinating bees owned by the operation.
The title of the next section, which is “Poultry (if applicable),” appears at the bottom of page 23.
Page 24 - Text version
This image is of page 24 of the Schedule. It contains instructions to help respondents answer questions from the “Poultry (if applicable)” section. It also contains question 46 and part of question 47. Question 46 is part of the “Poultry (if applicable)” section. Question 47 is part of the “Chicken or turkey production (if applicable)” section.
Question 46 asks for the number of poultry on the operation, by type of poultry. Question 47 asks about the total production of chickens on a live weight basis.
Page 25 - Text version
This image is of page 25 of the Schedule. It contains the continuation and end of question 47, as well as questions 48 to 51. Questions 47 and 48 are part of the “Chicken or turkey production (if applicable)” section. Questions 49 and 50 are part of the “Table and hatching eggs (if applicable)” section, while question 51 is part off the “Commercial poultry hatcheries (if applicable)” section.
Question 47 asks about the total production of chickens on a live weight basis. Question 48 asks about the total production of turkeys on a live weight basis. Question 49 asks for the number of dozens of table eggs produced for sale by the operation. Question 50 asks for the number of dozens of hatching eggs produced for sale by the operation. Question 51 asks for the number of chicks and other poultry that hatched on the operation in 2025.
The title of the next section, which is “Livestock (if applicable),” appears at the bottom of page 25.
Page 26 - Text version
This image is of page 26 of the Schedule. It contains instructions to help respondents answer questions from the “Livestock (if applicable)” section. It also contains questions 52 and 53, which are part of the “Livestock (if applicable)” section.
Question 52 asks for the number of cattle and calves on the operation, by type of animal. Question 53 asks for the number of pigs on the operation, by type of pig.
Page 27 - Text version
This image is of page 27 of the Schedule. It contains questions 54 and 55, which are part of the “Livestock (if applicable)” section.
Question 54 asks for the number of sheep and lambs on the operation, by type of animal. Question 55 asks for the number of other livestock on the operation, by type of animal.
Page 28 - Text version
This image is of page 28 of the Schedule. It contains questions 56 and 57. Question 56 is part of the “Technologies” section, and question 57 is part of the “Renewable energy” section.
Question 56 asks about the technologies used by the operation. Question 57 asks about the types of renewable energy produced on the operation.
Page 29 - Text version
This image is of page 29 of the Schedule. It contains questions 58 and 58, as well as part of question 60. Question 58 is part of the “Renewable energy” section. Question 59 is part of the “Market value” section, while question 60 is part of the “Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment” section.
Question 58 asks about the purposes for which the operation produces renewable energy. Question 59 asks about the present market value of land, buildings and fixed equipment on the operation, by type of ownership (owned, rented or leased from others). Question 60 asks about the number and present market value of farm vehicles, machinery and equipment owned or leased by the operation.
Page 30 - Text version
This image is of page 30 of the Schedule. It contains the continuation and end of question 60, as well as question 61. Question 60 is part of the “Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment” section. Question 61 is part of the “Direct sales” section.
Question 60 asks about the number and present market value of farm vehicles, machinery and equipment owned or leased by the operation. Question 61 asks whether the operation sells edible agricultural products directly to consumers for human consumption.
Page 31 - Text version
This image is of page 31 of the Schedule. It contains questions 62 to 64. All questions on this page are part of the “Direct sales” section.
Question 62 asks about the types of edible products sold by the operation directly to consumers for human consumption. Question 63 asks about the methods used by the operation to sell edible agricultural products directly to consumers for human consumption. Question 64 asks about the percentage of the operation’s total operating revenues that come from the sale of edible agricultural products directly to consumers for human consumption.
Page 32 - Text version
This image is of page 32 of the Schedule. It contains question 65, which is part of the “Succession plan” section.
Question 65 asks whether the operation has a written succession plan.
Page 33 - Text version
This image is of page 33 of the Schedule. It contains questions 66 and 67. Question 66 is in the “Contact person” section, while question 67 is in the “Comments” section.
Question 66 asks about the best person to contact about the questionnaire. Question 67 invites respondents to provide comments about the questionnaire.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
(This note is not part of the Order.)
Proposal
This Order prescribes the questions for the 2026 Census of Agriculture.
Objective
The objective of the Order is to enable Statistics Canada to conduct the 2026 Census of Agriculture by prescribing and making public through publishing in the Canada Gazette the questionnaire that will be used by Statistics Canada.
Background
The Census of Agriculture is at the forefront in providing high-quality, authoritative data to support economic growth, recovery and sustainability for enterprises in the agriculture and agri-food sector, especially as it relates to international trade; competitiveness; and advances in agricultural science and innovation, such as reporting and research on climate change. The collected data are used to inform decisions about business management strategies and to develop, administer and evaluate agriculture policies that directly affect farmers and rural communities. The Census of Agriculture provides decades of historically comparable data to facilitate essential analysis of the industry over time and is the only source of community-level information for the agriculture industry.
Statistics Canada is mandated under the Statistics Act (section 20) to conduct the Census of Agriculture every five years. The Statistics Act gives the Chief Statistician the authority to prescribe the rules, instructions and — subject to subsection 21(1) — requests for information that they consider necessary for conducting the work and business of Statistics Canada; the collecting, compiling and publishing of statistics and other information; and the taking of any census authorized by the Statistics Act (section 7). The Statistics Act also requires that the questions included in the Census of Agriculture shall be prescribed by order of the Governor in Council and published in Part I of the Canada Gazette (section 21).
All agricultural operations in Canada are legally required to complete the census questionnaire, according to the Statistics Act. The questionnaire can be completed by anyone who is responsible for the management decisions of the operation or another person familiar with the operation. Statistics Canada is bound by law to protect the confidentiality of the information respondents provide in the census.
Implications
The Census of Agriculture collects information on every agricultural operation in Canada related to farm business structure; land use and farm practices; products (crops and livestock); total revenues and expenses; land, building and farm machinery values; finances; new technology; direct marketing; succession planning; and renewable energy production. These data are the foundation for the provision of statistical information and economic and social analysis pertaining to the agriculture sector. Census of Agriculture data provide a valuable source of information for use in business development by farmers, as well as by enterprises that support the sector, such as farm equipment manufacturers and dealers, and processing, marketing and consulting firms, to help them make informed decisions on resource allocation. Census data provide all players in agriculture with an equally reliable source of information.
Although the questionnaire is updated every census to reflect data users’ changing requirements, certain basic or core questions continue to appear on the 2026 Census. These questions, such as those on farm land area, livestock numbers and crop area, are considered essential by the major users of Census of Agriculture data because they allow for change to be measured over time.
The Census of Agriculture is conducted concurrently with the Census of Population, resulting in significant cost savings. The two censuses have been conducted jointly since 1956. The month of May is chosen to maintain comparability of the survey data with previous censuses, a key requirement for data users.
The first data release is proposed for May 2027 and will include all farm and farm operator variables for the 2026 Census of Agriculture at all levels of geographic detail. Further data releases will follow, including data from the agriculture-population linkage, which provide a socioeconomic profile of the farm population at the person, family, household and farm levels. Analytic articles will be published in support as well.
Consultations
Because the Order only prescribes the census questions, no consultation in relation to the Order was necessary. However, to determine the questions to be asked in the 2026 Census of Agriculture, Statistics Canada conducted comprehensive consultations and received 58 submissions from diverse groups, including federal government departments and agencies, provincial ministries, industry organizations, academics, farm service companies, and consulting firms. In 2022, 12 consultation workshops were conducted for the 2026 Census of Agriculture. One-on-one testing of the questions with farmers occurred in January and June 2022, followed by the Census of Agriculture Test in May 2024.
In response to feedback obtained through the content consultation process, new categories have been added to the commodity questions to identify emerging agricultural products, including greenhouse lettuce, nectarines and hazelnuts. Additional information on the area of land is now requested for the land practices questions included in previous census cycles, and new categories for the technology and renewable energy questions were also added. These modifications reflect changes in the industry and the strong user demand for this new information. The revised questionnaire was tested with farm operators across Canada, reflecting regional diversity in types of agriculture, production techniques, languages and terminology, and policies or issues that could affect the sensitivity of questions. This testing further helped improve the questions and the instructions for completing the questionnaire. The “Census of Agriculture: Content Consultation Report, 2026” can be viewed on the Statistics Canada website.
Departmental contact
Augustine Akuoko-Asibey
Director General
Agriculture, Energy and Environment Statistics Branch
Census of Agriculture
Statistics Canada
Telephone: 613‑883‑0379
Email: Augustine.Akuoko-Asibey@statcan.gc.ca
STATISTICS CANADA
STATISTICS ACT
2026 Census of Population
P.C. 2025-510 June 13, 2025
Her Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Industry, under subsections 19(1) and 21(1) of the Statistics Act footnote a, fixes May 2026 as the month in which a census of population is to be taken by Statistics Canada and prescribes the questions to be asked in the 2026 Census of Population, as set out in the schedule.
Page 1 - Text version
This is an image of page 1 of the Schedule, which contains steps A and B of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. A statement at the top of the page informs respondents that the questionnaire is confidential when completed. Step A asks respondents for their telephone number, the address of the dwelling and the mailing address. Step B asks for the number and names of the usual residents of the dwelling on May 12, 2026. Respondents are instructed on how to complete each step.
Page 2 - Text version
This is an image of page 2 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of Step B, and steps C and D of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Step C asks respondents if they left anyone out of Step B. Step D asks respondents to copy the names in Step B to question 1 and to keep the same order. Respondents are informed that if more than five persons live at the dwelling, an extra questionnaire will be needed and to call 1‑833‑663‑2026. Respondents are instructed on whom to include in Step B and where to include persons with more than one residence.
Page 3 - Text version
This is an image of page 3 of the Schedule, which is also a continuation of instructions for Step B of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. If this address is a secondary residence, a dwelling occupied only by residents of another country visiting Canada, or the home of a government representative of another country, respondents are asked to provide their name and telephone number and not to answer other questions.
Page 4 - Text version
This is an image of page 4 of the Schedule, which contains questions 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Question 1 asks respondents to copy the names in the same order as in Step B, then answer the next questions, which refer to each person’s situation on May 12, 2026. Questions 2, 3 and 4 ask for the date at birth, age, gender and sex at birth.
Page 5 - Text version
This is an image of page 5 of the Schedule, which contains question 5 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. This question asks for the relationships of household members (including marital or common-law status).
Page 6 - Text version
This is an image of page 6 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of question 5, and questions 6, 7 and 8 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Questions 6 and 7 ask about marital status and if the person lives with a common-law partner. Respondents are informed that questions 6 and 7 are asked only for persons aged 15 years and older (born before May 12, 2011). Question 8 asks about knowledge of official languages.
Page 7 - Text version
This is an image of page 7 of the Schedule, which contains questions 9a, 9b, 10 and 11 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Questions 9a, 9b and 10 ask about languages spoken regularly at home, language spoken most often at home and first language learned.
Respondents are informed that the next questions collect information in accordance with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to support education programs in English and French in Canada. Question 11 asks if this dwelling is in Quebec and respondents are instructed on how to proceed based on their answer.
Page 8 - Text version
This is an image of page 8 of the Schedule, which contains questions 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. These questions ask about schooling in each official language in Canada.
Page 9 - Text version
This is an image of page 9 of the Schedule, which contains questions 16 and 17a to 17f of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Question 16 asks about schooling in each official language in Canada. A label identifies this section as activities of daily living; question 17 (a to f) asks about activities of daily living.
Page 10 - Text version
This is an image of page 10 of the Schedule, which contains questions 18, 19 and 20 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. A label identifies the next section as general health; question 18 asks about each person’s health. A label identifies the next section as sociocultural information; questions 19 and 20 ask where the person was born and where their parents were born.
Page 11 - Text version
This is an image of page 11 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of question 20, and questions 21a, 21b and 22 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Question 21 (a and b) asks about citizenship and question 22 asks about knowledge of non-official languages.
Page 12 - Text version
This is an image of page 12 of the Schedule, which contains questions 23, 24 and 25 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. These questions ask about ethnic or cultural origins, Indigenous identity and population group. Respondents are informed that question 25 collects information to support programs that promote equal opportunity for everyone to share in the social, cultural, and economic life of Canada.
Page 13 - Text version
This is an image of page 13 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of question 25, and questions 26, 27 and 28 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Question 26 asks if the person is a Status Indian, question 27 asks if they are a member of a First Nation and question 28 asks about membership in a Métis government, organization or Settlement.
Page 14 - Text version
This is an image of page 14 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of question 28, and questions 29 and 30 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Question 29 asks about enrolment under an Inuit land claims agreement. A label identifies the next section as religion; question 30 asks about religion.
Page 15 - Text version
This is an image of page 15 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of question 30, and questions 31 and 32 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. A label identifies the next section as Canadian military experience; question 31 asks about Canadian military experience. A label identifies the next section as mobility; question 32 asks where a person lived 1 year ago, on May 12, 2025.
Page 16 - Text version
This is an image of page 16 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of question 32, and question 33 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Question 33 asks where a person lived 5 years ago, on May 12, 2021.
Page 17 - Text version
This is an image of page 17 of the Schedule, which contains questions 34, 35 and 36 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. A label identifies the next section as homelessness; questions 34 and 35 ask about experiences with homelessness over the past 12 months. Respondents are informed that questions 36 to 59 are asked only for persons aged 15 years and older (born before May 12, 2011). Question 36 asks about the person’s sexual orientation. Respondents are informed that the question collects information on sexual orientation to inform programs that promote equal opportunity to everyone living in Canada to share in its social, cultural and economic life.
Page 18 - Text version
This is an image of page 18 of the Schedule, which contains questions 37, 38a and 38b of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. A label at the top of the page identifies the next section as education; question 37 asks about high-school completion. Respondents are informed that the next questions are only for persons aged 15 years and older. Questions 38 asks about education.
Page 19 - Text version
This is an image of page 19 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of question 38b, and questions 38c, 39 and 40 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. The questions ask about education.
Page 20 - Text version
This is an image of page 20 of the Schedule, which contains questions 41a, 41b and 42 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Question 41 (a and b) asks about education. A label identifies the next section as labour market activities; question 42 asks about labour market activities during the week of Sunday, May 3 to Saturday, May 9, 2026.
Page 21 - Text version
This is an image of page 21 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of question 42, and questions 43, 44 and 45 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Questions 43 and 45 ask about labour market activities during the week of Sunday, May 3 to Saturday, May 9, 2026. Question 44 asks when respondents last worked for pay or in self-employment.
Page 22 - Text version
This is an image of page 22 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of question 45, and questions 46, 47 and 48 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. A note at the bottom of the page reminds respondents that the questions ask about labour market activities during the week of Sunday, May 3 to Saturday, May 9, 2026.
Page 23 - Text version
This is an image of page 23 of the Schedule, which contains the end of the note from the preceding page, and questions 49, 50, 51 and 52 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Questions 49 and 52 ask about labour market activities during the week of Sunday, May 3 to Saturday, May 9, 2026. Question 50 asks whether a person’s farm or business was incorporated.
Respondents are informed that questions 51 to 53 are asked for persons aged 15 and older who did not work during the week of Sunday, May 3 to Saturday, May 9, 2026. Persons aged 65 years and older who answered “No, retired’ in question 43 and answered “Before 2025” in question 44 are directed to go to question 60. Question 51 asks about labour market activities during the four weeks from April 12 to May 9, 2026.
Page 24 - Text version
This is an image of page 24 of the Schedule, which contains questions 53, 54a, 54b and 55 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. These questions ask about labour market activities during the week of Sunday, May 3 to Saturday, May 9, 2026.
Page 25 - Text version
This is an image of page 25 of the Schedule, which is a continuation of the instructions and response options for question 55 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. This question asks about the location of work during the week of Sunday, May 3 to Saturday, May 9, 2026.
Page 26 - Text version
This is an image of page 26 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of question 55, and questions 56a and 56b of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. These questions ask about commuting to work in a usual workweek.
Page 27 - Text version
This is an image of page 27 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of question 56b, and questions 56c, 57a and 57b of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. These questions ask about commuting to work. Respondents are informed that questions 58 and 59, on the next page of the Schedule, are asked only for persons aged 15 years and older.
Page 28 - Text version
This is an image of page 28 of the Schedule, which contains questions 58, 59 and 60 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Questions 58 and 59 ask about labour market activities in 2025. Respondents are informed that question 60 is asked only for persons aged 13 years and younger (born after May 12, 2012). Question 60 asks about child care arrangements in 2025.
Page 29 - Text version
This is an image of page 29 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of question 60, and questions 61 and 62 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Respondents are informed that questions 61 and 62 are asked only for persons aged 15 years and older (born before May 12, 2011). Question 61 asks about child and spousal support payments in 2025 and question 62 asks about payments related to the dwelling.
A label identifies the next section as Step E. Respondents are instructed to answer questions E1 to E8, on the following pages of the Schedule, about this dwelling and are informed that the questions refer to May 12, 2026, unless otherwise specified.
Page 30 - Text version
This is an image of page 30 of the Schedule, which contains questions E1, E2, E3a, E3b and E4 of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. These questions ask about this dwelling.
Page 31 - Text version
This is an image of page 31 of the Schedule, which contains questions E5, E6a, E6b, E6c, E7a and E7b of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. Respondents are informed that questions E6 to E8 are asked for this dwelling, even if respondents own or rent more than one dwelling. These questions ask about this dwelling.
Page 32 - Text version
This is an image of page 32 of the Schedule, which contains the continuation of question E7b, and questions E8a, E8b, E8c, E8d and E8e of the 2026 Census long-form questionnaire. These questions ask about this dwelling.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
(This note is not part of the Order.)
Proposal
The Order fixes May 2026 as the month in which Statistics Canada will conduct the 2026 Census of Population and prescribes the questions for the 2026 Census of Population.
Objective
The objective of the Order is to enable Statistics Canada to conduct the 2026 Census of Population by prescribing and making public through publishing in the Canada Gazette, the questionnaire that will be used by Statistics Canada, as well as to fix May 2026 as the month in which the census shall be conducted.
Background
The Constitution Act, 1867 requires that a census be conducted every 10 years. Due to the expected rapid expansion of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba following Confederation, the Constitution Acts of 1907 and 1930 required population counts to be ascertained by a census or statutory instrument every 5 years until the populations of these provinces reached certain limits.
Further, the requirement for a nationwide census to be conducted every 5 years has been part of the Statistics Act since 1970. Section 19 of the Act stipulates that “[a] census of population of Canada shall be taken by Statistics Canada in the month of June in the year 1971, and every fifth year thereafter in a month to be fixed by the Governor in Council.” The Act also requires the census to be mandatory, according to section 8, which stipulates that “[t]he Chief Statistician shall determine whether a request for information is mandatory or voluntary, with the exception of the census of population and census of agriculture, both of which are mandatory.”
The next Census of Population will be held in 2026. Data from the 2026 Census of Population will provide a comprehensive socioeconomic portrait of Canada’s population, covering a range of characteristics, including labour market conditions, immigration, Indigenous peoples, education, population mobility, skills development, official languages, housing and income.
Data from the 2026 Census of Population will be disaggregated, which means that it will provide an updated profile of the ethnocultural characteristics of the Canadian population at lower levels of geography. Examples of ethnocultural data provided by the Census include ethnic or cultural origins, population group and visible minority status, First Nations people, Métis and Inuit, as well as religion. This information will equip decision-makers with the data needed to target policies for specific populations, for instance to support employment equity, access to education, and income supports.
Information from the Census of Population underpins both public and private decision-making, supports research and analysis in areas of interest to Canadians, informs key government policies and programs, and helps businesses and non-governmental organizations by providing information about communities and small population groups, such as immigrants and Indigenous peoples. These data are at the heart of the Canadian statistical system and are used extensively by polling and market research firms for benchmarking their statistics. Statistics Canada collaborates with national statistical agencies around the world through the International Census Forum and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. This collaboration allows for the international comparative analysis and identification of emerging trends.
The Census of Population provides the underlying data structure for the country. It is the basis for many of Statistics Canada’s statistical programs. While the census is foundational, other key programs within Statistics Canada provide additional data and statistical information (e.g. the Labour Force Survey).
Context
Historically, the Census of Population has consisted of a “short-form” and a “long-form” questionnaire. The “short-form” questionnaire, distributed to all households, contains questions on the demographic characteristics of dwelling occupants, their knowledge of official languages, language spoken at home, mother tongue and language of instruction. The “long-form” questionnaire, distributed to one in four households, includes all of the questions asked on the short form, along with questions on activities of daily living, place of birth and citizenship, knowledge of unofficial languages, ethnocultural diversity, First Nations peoples, MĂ©tis and Inuit, mobility, education, labour market activities, language of work, commuting, expenditures and housing. To maintain data quality and historical comparability. Statistics Canada is proposing to continue with the use of both questionnaires in 2026.
The month of May is chosen to maintain comparability of the survey data with previous censuses, a key requirement for data users. Conducting both the Census of Population and the Census of Agriculture concurrently will result in significant cost savings. The two censuses have been conducted jointly since 1956.
The first data release is proposed for the first part of 2027 and additional releases will follow throughout 2027 and 2028.
Consultations
To ensure that the 2026 Census of Population accurately reflects and reports on the makeup of the country and how it evolves, Statistics Canada conducted comprehensive consultations online and face-to-face to determine the most relevant questions to be asked. An unprecedented number of respondents participated in these consultations and outreach efforts, demonstrating a high level of interest in helping shape the most important source of demographic and social information for monitoring trends in Canadian society. Responses were gathered from individuals representing various levels of government and other organizations, including federal departments; provincial, territorial and municipal government organizations; First Nations, MĂ©tis and Inuit organizations; as well as individuals from organizations representing official language minority communities, organizations representing or providing services to Canadians with disabilities, immigrant and ethnic communities and organizations, 2SLGBTQI+ communities, academia, businesses and non-profit organizations. The general public also participated in the online consultation. The results of the content consultations were summarized in the “2026 Census of Population Content Consultations Results” and can be viewed on the Statistics Canada website.
As per Statistics Canada’s established practice, a series of tests of the content were conducted throughout 2023 and 2024, including a live 2024 Census Test, carried out in two phases, involving 222 000 dwellings across the country to assess proposed changes to the questions to be included in the 2026 Census of Population. Wording and placement of questions on the questionnaire are important and must be properly tested. Untested changes could result in a loss of quality and/or comparability of data — key requirements for data users. Statistics Canada thoroughly assessed the results of the 2024 Census Test to ensure proposed content changes are feasible and provide relevant and high-quality data.
In order to recommend the questions to be included in the Census of Population, a scientifically rigorous approach was used. This includes meeting statutory and regulatory requirements, assessing data quality, respondent burden, privacy, comparability over time, and costs.
Departmental contact
Patrice Mathieu
Director General
Census Management Office
Census of Population
Statistics Canada
Telephone: 613‑698‑0639
Email: patrice.mathieu@statcan.gc.ca